Anurag Vishwakarma1. What is a Proxy?
A proxy server acts as an intermediary between a client and a server, forwarding requests from clients to servers and responses from servers to clients. A proxy server can be used for various purposes, including:
- Improving performance by caching web pages and reducing the number of requests sent to servers.
- Enhancing privacy by hiding the IP address and other identifying information of the client.
- Filtering content by blocking access to specific websites or content based on predefined rules.
- Providing security by inspecting traffic and blocking malicious requests.
2. What is a Reverse Proxy?
A reverse proxy, also known as an HTTP accelerator, is a server that sits between a client and a web server. When a client makes a request to access a website, the request is first sent to the reverse proxy, which then forwards the request to the web server. The web server then sends a response to the reverse proxy, which in turn forwards the response back to the client.
A reverse proxy is commonly used by organizations to improve performance, increase security, and distribute traffic across multiple web servers. For example, a company might use a reverse proxy to load balance traffic across multiple web servers to ensure that no single server is overloaded. A reverse proxy can also be used to protect web servers from direct access by hiding their IP addresses and blocking malicious requests.
3. Why Reverse Proxies (NGINX) Are Important for Modern Websites
NGINX is a popular web server software that is known for its high performance, scalability, and reliability. It is commonly used to serve static content, handle SSL encryption, and act as a reverse proxy.
1. Protection Against DDoS Attacks
A reverse proxy can be used to protect a website from Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. The website’s IP addresses are hidden behind the reverse proxy, making it harder for attackers to target the web servers directly. By distributing incoming traffic across a large pool of web servers, the reverse proxy prevents any single server from becoming overloaded.
2. Load Balancing
A reverse proxy is used for load balancing to distribute incoming traffic across multiple web servers. A popular website handling millions of users every day is unlikely to handle the traffic with a single server. A reverse proxy can balance a large amount of incoming requests by distributing the traffic to a large pool of web servers, effectively preventing any single one of them from becoming overloaded.
3. Caching Static Content
A reverse proxy can cache static content, such as images, scripts, and stylesheets, for a period of time. If the same piece of content is requested again from the reverse proxy, the locally cached version can be quickly returned. This reduces the load on the web servers and improves the website’s performance.
4. Handling SSL Encryption
SSL handshake is computationally expensive. A reverse proxy can free up the origin servers from these expensive operations. Instead of handling SSL for all clients, a website only needs to handle SSL handshake from a small number of reverse proxies.
