of submissions may be important mechanisms.
There is an increasing emphasis on surgical trainees learning how to appropriately provide care for the geriatric patient. We hypothesized that little published formal curriculum on the topic exists. We sought to perform a scoping review to test this hypothesis.

PubMed, OVID Medline, and EMBASE databases were queried from inception, supplemented by hand search of references and the grey literature. Included English language abstracts and articles described trainee perceptions of geriatric patients and/or description of dedicated geriatric curricula for trainees.

There were 21 included abstracts or papers, which were categorized into 8 survey-based studies, 6 descriptions of curricular design, and 7 interventional studies with pre- and post-intervention knowledge tests. General surgery residents were most frequently included. Self-rated confidence and comfort were typically higher than objective measures of resident performance in the care of geriatric patients. Residents were commonly unaware of the standardized assessment tools and recommendations that exist. Medication and delirium management were frequently-identified topics posing the widest gaps in resident knowledge.

There are few published examples of curricula on the care of geriatric patients for surgical trainees. More work is needed for the creation of specialty-specific and needs-based geriatric surgical curricula.
There are few published examples of curricula on the care of geriatric patients for surgical trainees. More work is needed for the creation of specialty-specific and needs-based geriatric surgical curricula.
To investigate the utility of automatic thresholding methods for quantitative muscle echogenicity assessment as a marker of disease severity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A).

Muscle ultrasound was performed in 15 CMT1A patients and 7 healthy controls. Muscle echogenicity of six limb muscles in each subject was assessed by 16 automatic thresholding methods and conventional grey-scale analysis. Echogenicity of each method in CMT1A patients was compared with that in controls. A correlation between the echogenicity and CMT neuropathy score (CMTNS) was also analysed in CMT1A patients.

Significant differences in mean echogenicity of the 6 muscles between CMT1A patients and controls were found both in grey-scale analysis (p < 0.01) and 11 of the 16 automatic thresholding methods (p < 0.05 in each method). In CMT1A patients, mean echogenicity of the 6 muscles was positively correlated with CMTNS in 8 of the 16 automatic thresholding methods, but not in grey-scale analysis.

Automatic thresholding methods can be used to detect the difference in muscle echogenicity between CMT1A patients and controls. Echogenicity parameters correlate with the disease severity.

Quantitative muscle echogenicity assessment by automatic thresholding methods shows potential as a surrogate marker of disease progression in CMT1A.
Quantitative muscle echogenicity assessment by automatic thresholding methods shows potential as a surrogate marker of disease progression in CMT1A.
In health care, burnout remains a persistent and significant problem. Evidence now exists that organizational initiatives are vital to address health care worker (HCW) well-being in a sustainable way, though system-level interventions are pursued infrequently.

Between November 2018 and May 2020, researchers engaged five health system and physician practice sites to participate in an organizational pilot intervention that integrated evidence-based approaches to well-being, including a comprehensive culture assessment, leadership and team development, and redesign of daily workflow with an emphasis on cultivating positive emotions.

All primary and secondary outcome measures demonstrated directionally concordant improvement, with the primary outcome of emotional exhaustion (0-100 scale, lower better; 43.12 to 36.42, p = 0.037) and secondary outcome of likelihood to recommend the participating department's workplace as a good place to work (1-10 scale, higher better; 7.66 to 8.20, p = 0.037) being statistically significant. Secondary outcomes of emotional recovery (0-100 scale, higher better; 76.60 to 79.53, p = 0.20) and emotional thriving (0-100 scale, higher better; 76.70 to 79.23, p = 0.27) improved but were not statistically significant.

An integrated, skills-based approach, focusing on team culture and interactions, leadership, and workflow redesign that cultivates positive emotions was associated with improvements in HCW well-being. This study suggests that simultaneously addressing multiple drivers of well-being can have significant impacts on burnout and workplace environment.
An integrated, skills-based approach, focusing on team culture and interactions, leadership, and workflow redesign that cultivates positive emotions was associated with improvements in HCW well-being. This study suggests that simultaneously addressing multiple drivers of well-being can have significant impacts on burnout and workplace environment.Residual risk mediated by hypertriglyceridemia among statin-treated individuals is an important clinical and public health challenge. Lenvatinib clinical trial Niacin, fibrates and omega-3 FA are three classes of non-statin agents with demonstrated TG-lowering effects. Randomized controlled trials of niacin and fibrates have been consistently negative, but the trial landscape for two key sources of omega-3 FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is more complex. Clinical trials evaluating omega-3 FA can be differentiated into those that studied mixed formulations (EPA + DHA) and those that studied EPA alone. Those assessing the impact of mixed formulations have not consistently demonstrated CVD risk reduction, whereas trials of EPA alone have been successful. Two recent trials of mixed formulations - STRENGTH (Long-Term Outcomes Study to Assess Statin Residual Risk with Epanova in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia) and OMEMI (Omega-3 fatty acids in Elderly patients with Myocardial Infarction) - studied contemporarily treated patients with mixed EPA + DHA formulations at higher doses than before and showed no benefit, thus adding valuable information to our overall understanding of this evolving therapeutic class.Lenvatinib clinical trial