Go and C, friends forever?

David Sugar - Jun 23 '23 - - Dev Community

As there are no actively maintained complete sip stack in Go, and most development seems to have died years ago, I had started to adapt libeXosip2 for use with Go. Doing the more real-time side in pure C, which Go can directly call and wrap using cgo, and the squishy upper level logic in Go, can make sense to me. I could also see writing a RTP stack operating in pure C with it's own C threads, to call from Go in the same way.

The downside of wrapping C in Go is that really you need to convert everything to Go types and structs, especially to export them, and to do so efficiently, all the C wrapper code should really be together in one Go file, along with the C headers and stubs you make. This is not a big deal for simpler C libs, and libeXosip2 mostly deals with int and string types, so that is not too bad, but it does have an event struct that has complicated internal C types. A new Go event struct would have to be made, and all these internals converted, in the Go wrapper file, too.

In C++, I can just carry the libeXosip2 event struct as is, and decode parts of it in different places as needed. But C++ imposes different problems, so while I have a rather thin libeXosip2 wrapper in C++, complexity is scattered throughout the codebase. Other kinds of complexity of course include building C++ projects, and CMake introduces as many problems as it solves.

Structurally Go makes a lot of sense for server logic for the kinds of applications I do. Event objects would move thru Go channels to different subsystems where they would be processed. This is kind of what Coventry already does in C++ with a homemade micro-actor framework. Those that work with Ruby would recognize this as being like creating a domain specific language. A lot of code is required to "tame" cpp in this way. I used to do this in GNU Common C++, and now use my own header-only C++ libs, as it's less work and much easier to use C++ type deduction when everything is header-only. The common patterns I often use are already much more naturally expressed in Go as is. So Go offers, for me, a tradeoff between a maintaining a complex C wrapper or complex C++ language enhancements. The remaining server code feels simpler and easier to maintain in Go.

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