Enterococci is one of a major cause of bloodstream infection (BSI). Because of its intrinsic drug-resistant nature, empiric antibiotic treatment tends to be inappropriate. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of Matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) on the improvement of early antibiotic treatment for enterococcal infection. We also investigated the 28-day mortality, length of hospitalization and duration of antibiotic treatment for enterococcal bacteremia. A total of 173 BSI episodes (172 patients) between June 2012 and June 2019 were enrolled. Patients were divided into 2 groups before (n = 82) and after (n = 91) the implementation of MALDI-TOFMS (Control group and MALDI-TOF group, respectively). Almost an equal number of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium cases were identified in each group (51.2% and 48.8%, and 47.3% and 52.7% in each group). By implementing MALDI-TOFMS, the time to definitive antibiotic treatment was significantly improved (median 3 vs 1 days, p 74 years old) in MALDI-TOF group, excluding those in the terminal phase of malignancy. By implementing MALDI-TOFMS, the time to definitive antibiotic treatment was significantly shortened. Although associated outcomes did not significantly differ, the duration of antibiotic treatment may be shortened.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae contributes to numerous pneumonia cases among children and young adults. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of M.pneumoniae infections among Japanese children, occurring since 2008.

Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from all cases, following which real-time PCR was performed to identify M.pneumoniae. Further, the p1 genotypes of isolates were determined using the PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism typing method.

The annual rate of macrolide-resistant M.pneumoniae (MRMP) infections peaked at 81.8% in 2012 and decreased annually until 2015. Although the infection rate increased to 65.3% in 2016, it decreased again to 14.3% in 2018. Although >90% of isolates harbored the type 1 genotype until 2012, this rate decreased, and approximately 80% harbored p1 genotypes other than type 1 in 2018. Furthermore, the occurrence rate of MRMP among the type 1 isolates was very high (82.4%), whereas that among p1 genotypes other than type 1 was very low (6.5%).

MRMP occurrence potentially decreased owing to changes in not only antibiotic usage but also in the distribution of p1 genotype among isolates.
MRMP occurrence potentially decreased owing to changes in not only antibiotic usage but also in the distribution of p1 genotype among isolates.
In patients with a distal radius buckle fracture, we determine whether home removal of a splint and physician follow-up as needed (home management) is noninferior to primary care physician follow-up in 1 to 2 weeks with respect to functional recovery. We also compare groups with respect to health care and patient-level costs.

This was a noninferiority randomized controlled trial conducted at a tertiary care children's hospital. Eligible patients were randomized to home management versus primary care physician follow-up and received telephone contact at 3 and 6 weeks after the index ED visit. Functional recovery was measured with the Activities Scale for Kids-performance, and participants reported wrist-injury-related health care interventions and expenses. The primary outcome was a comparison of the performance score between groups at 3 weeks.

We enrolled 149 patients with mean age 9.5 years (SD 2.7 years), and 81 (54.4%) were male patients. Of the 133 patients (89.3%) with completed 3-week follow-up, the mean Activities Scale for Kids-performance score was 95.4% in the home management group (n=66) and 95.9% in the primary care physician follow-up group (n=67) (mean difference -0.4%; lower bound of the 95% confidence interval -2.4%). There was a mean costs savings of -$100.10 (95% confidence interval -$130.0 to -$70.20) in health care and -$28.2 (95% confidence interval -$49.6 to -$7.0) in patient costs in the home management versus primary care physician follow-up group.

In patients with distal radius buckle fractures, home management is at least as good as primary care physician follow-up with respect to functional recovery. Implementation of the home management strategy also demonstrated significant cost savings.
In patients with distal radius buckle fractures, home management is at least as good as primary care physician follow-up with respect to functional recovery. Implementation of the home management strategy also demonstrated significant cost savings.
Children consume ultra-processed food (UPF) from a young age, but the proportional contribution of UPF to young children's total energy intakes has not been evaluated in developed countries.

To describe UPF intake and associations with demographic factors in young children from 12 to 60 months of age.

Cohort study comprising a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. Demographic data were collected by questionnaire. At 12, 24, and 60 months of age validated food frequency questionnaires estimated percentage of energy intake from UPF (%kcal UPF).

The 669 children were born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between May 2009 and December2010.

Mean percentage of energy intake from UPF at 12, 24, and 60 months of age, mean differences in %kcal UPF by demographic variables.

Mixed effects regression models were used to estimate relationships between demographics and %kcal UPF. click here Multiple imputation methods were used to impute missing UPF data.

UPF contributed mean (95% confidence interval) 45% (44%, 47%), 42% (41%, 44%), and 51% (50%, 52%) of energy intake to the diets of children at 12, 24, and 60 months of age, respectively. Energy intake from UPF was moderately correlated between 24 and 60 months (r= 0.36). No demographic factors were associated with mean %kcal UPF across time points, except for maternal obesity predicting higher UPF intake at 12 months. Bread, yoghurt, crackers, whole-wheat breakfast cereal, sausages, and muesli bars were among the 10 foods making the greatest contribution to mean %kcal UPF intakes at all time points.

UPF contribute a substantial proportion of energy to the diets of young children. A range of foods with varying nutritional profiles contribute to these high intakes.
UPF contribute a substantial proportion of energy to the diets of young children. A range of foods with varying nutritional profiles contribute to these high intakes.click here