The experimental intervention, RPD, will be compared with the control intervention, OPD. An intraoperative dropout of approximately eight patients per group is expected because they may receive another type of surgical procedure than planned. Overall, 64 patients need to be analysed. The primary endpoint of the trial is overall postoperative morbidity within 90 days after index operation, measured using the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI). The secondary endpoints include the feasibility of recruitment and assessment of clinical, oncological and safety parameters and quality of life and cost-effectiveness.

The EUROPA trial is the first randomised controlled trial comparing RPD with OPD. Differences in postoperative morbidity will be evaluated to design a future multicentre confirmatory efficacy trial.

German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00020407 . Diphenyleneiodonium price Registered on 9 March 2020.
German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00020407 . Registered on 9 March 2020.
The development of questionnaires for primary care practice and research is of increasing interest in the literature. In settings where valuable prior knowledge or preliminary data is available, Bayesian factor analysis can be used to incorporate such information when conducting questionnaire construct validation. This protocol outlines a methodological review that will summarize evidence on the current use of Bayesian factor analysis in the primary care literature.

A comprehensive search strategy has been developed and will be used to identify relevant literature (research studies in primary care) indexed in MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. The search strategy includes terms and synonyms for Bayesian factor analysis and primary care. The reference lists of relevant articles being identified will be screened to find further relevant studies. At least two reviewers will independently extract data and resolve discrepancies through consensus. Descriptive analyses will summarize the use and reporting of Bayesian factor analysis approaches for validating questionnaires applicable to primary care.

This methodological review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current use and reporting of Bayesian factor analysis in primary care and will provide recommendations for its proper future use.

PROSPERO CRD42018114978.
PROSPERO CRD42018114978.
The long-term fate of severely injured patients in terms of their quality of life is not well known. Our aim was to assess the quality of life of patients who have suffered moderate to severe trauma and to identify primary factors of long-term quality of life impairment.

A prospective monocentric study conducted on a number of patients who were victims of moderate to severe injuries during the year 2012. Patients were selected based on an Injury Severity Score (ISS) more than or equal to 9. Quality of life was assessed by the MOS SF-36 and NHP scores as a primary evaluation criterion. The secondary evaluation criteria were the determination of the socio-economic impact on quality of life and the identification of factors associated with disability.

Two hundred and eight patients were contacted by e-mail or telephone. Fifty-five patients participated in this study (with a participation level of 26.4%), including 78.2% men, with a median age of 46. Significant alterations in quality of life were observed onomic consequences. Disability secondary to major trauma seems to be associated with a score ≤ 85 on the physical functioning dimension of the MOS SF-36 scale. This study raises the question of whether or not early rehabilitation programs should be implemented in order to limit the long-term impact of major trauma.
Despite an official policy of exemption from health care costs, pregnant women in Niger still face some out-of-pocket costs (OPC) in addition to time costs when they attend antenatal care (ANC) services. We aimed to 1) assess the OPC for pregnant woman attending ANC, 2) estimate the time spent to attend ANC and the opportunity cost of that time, and 3) assess how OPC and time spent to attend ANC affected ANC attendance.

Data were obtained from a quasi-experimental descriptive study carried out in the region of Zinder, Niger, which compared pre- and post-intervention cohorts of pregnant women (n = 1736 women who reported attending ANC during their current pregnancy). An ANC attendance score was developed to describe the timing of ANC attendance in regard to the WHO recommendation of attending 4 ANC sessions. OPC and time spent were evaluated separately for associations with ANC attendance using Spearman correlations.

The mean (±SD) age of pregnant women was 25.0 ± 6.4 yr, 19.0% were ≤ 19 yr and 99.7% wergnant women to attend ANC.

The NiMaNu project was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01832688 . Registered 16 April 2013.
The NiMaNu project was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01832688 . Registered 16 April 2013.
Cancer patients often experience severe financial distress due to the high cost of their treatment, and strategies are needed to objectively measure this financial distress. The COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity-Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST-FACIT) is one instrument used to measure such financial distress. This study aimed to translate the COST-FACIT (Version 2) [COST-FACIT-v2] instrument into traditional Chinese (COST-FACIT-v2 [TC]) and evaluate its psychometric properties.

The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT) translation method was adopted. The translated version was reviewed by an expert panel and by 20 cancer patients for content validity and face validity, respectively, and 640 cancer patients, recruited from three oncology departments, completed the translated scale. Its reliability was evaluated in terms of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis has been used to evaluate the one- and two-factor structuamong the COST-FACIT-v2 (TC) scores obtained in groups of different income level and frequency of health care service use.

The COST-FACIT-v2 (TC) showed some desirable psychometric properties to support its validity and reliability for assessing cancer patients' level of financial toxicity.
The COST-FACIT-v2 (TC) showed some desirable psychometric properties to support its validity and reliability for assessing cancer patients' level of financial toxicity.Diphenyleneiodonium price