Python supports several fundamental data types:

1. Numeric Types: Integers (int), floating-point numbers (float), and complex numbers (complex).

2. Sequence Types: Lists (list), tuples (tuple), and strings (str).

3. Mapping Type: Dictionaries (dict) for key-value pairs.

4. Set Types: Sets (set) and frozen sets (frozenset) for unique collections of elements.

5. Boolean Type: Boolean (bool) representing True or False.

6. None Type: None representing absence of value.

Python is dynamically typed, allowing variables to change types, and provides built-in functions to convert between types. Understanding data types is essential for efficient programming and data manipulation in Python applications.