Introduction 🚀

There's a common misconception that Node.js is outdated. In fact, it’s constantly evolving, with recent updates introducing a plethora of features that modernize its functionality. Let’s dive into these exciting new features and see how they can transform your development experience.

TypeScript Support 🛠️

Node.js now has built-in support for TypeScript, a massive win for developers who prefer static typing. Traditionally, running a TypeScript file in Node.js resulted in parsing errors, but with the latest experimental features, you can run .ts files using the --experimental-strip-types flag.

node --experimental-strip-types index.ts

This flag removes TypeScript types, allowing the code to run as standard JavaScript.

(node:5600) ExperimentalWarning: Type Stripping is an experimental feature and might change at any time
(Use `node --trace-warnings ...` to show where the warning was created)
(node:5600) [MODULE_TYPELESS_PACKAGE_JSON] Warning: /NodeJS/amazing-features/index.ts parsed as an ES module because module syntax was detected; to avoid the performance penalty of syntax detection, add "type": "module" to your package.json.

Although the feature is experimental, it works well in most cases. You can further enhance performance by adding "type": "module" in your package.json:

{
  "name": "amazing-features-of-nodejs",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "main": "index.js",
  "type": "module",
  "scripts": {
    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "typescript": "^5.6.2"
  }
}

After adding "type": "module", the warning about module syntax will be resolved.

Built-In Test Runner 🧪

One of the most exciting new features is the built-in test runner in Node.js. You can now run tests natively without needing external libraries like Jest. The built-in test runner allows you to create test files using describe and it functions directly from Node.js.

Here’s an example of a index.test.js file for a TypeScript module:

import assert from "node:assert";
import { describe, it } from "node:test";
import { IsAdult } from "./index.ts";

describe("#isAdult", () => {
  it("Checks if a user is an adult", () => {
    assert(IsAdult(29));
  });
});

Make sure to import the TypeScript file with the .ts extension. Run the test using the following command:

node --experimental-strip-types --test

The output will look like this:

▶ #isAdult
  ✔ Check if user is an adult (5ms)
ℹ tests 1
ℹ suites 1
ℹ pass 1
ℹ duration 449ms

You can also add test coverage with the --experimental-test-coverage flag:

node --experimental-strip-types --experimental-test-coverage --test

For even more control, you can modify the test output format by using the --test-reporter flag.

node --experimental-strip-types --experimental-test-coverage --test-reporter tap --test

Watch Flag ⏳

node --watch --experimental-strip-types --experimental-test-coverage --test-reporter tap --test

The --watch flag automatically reruns your code whenever files change, eliminating the need for tools like Nodemon. Simply run your tests with the --watch flag, and Node.js will monitor file changes, re-running tests automatically.

Environment File Support 🌍

Node.js now supports loading environment variables directly from a .env file using the --env-file flag, making environment management simpler.

Create a .env file with your variables:

SECRET_VALUE="your-secret-value"

Access your variables in Node.js like this:

console.log(process.env.SECRET_VALUE);  // your-secret-value

Run your app with:

node --experimental-strip-types --env-file=.env index.ts

Promises in Standard Libraries 📜

Node.js is moving towards a promise-based approach across its standard libraries. For example, the fs.readFile method now supports promises:

import { readFile } from "fs/promises";

const file = await readFile("./index.ts");
console.log(file);  // <Buffer 69...>

This change makes asynchronous code cleaner and more manageable by using await instead of callbacks.

Top-Level Await ⏩

Node.js now supports top-level await, allowing you to use the await keyword outside of async functions:

const file = await readFile("./index.ts");
console.log(file);

This feature improves code readability and removes the need for wrapping code in async functions.

Glob File Search 🔍

You can now search for files using glob patterns directly in Node.js:

import { glob } from "fs/promises";

const testFile = await glob("**/*.test.js").next();
console.log(testFile);  // { value: 'index.test.js', done: false }

Built-In Debugger 🐞

Node.js includes a built-in debugger that works seamlessly with Chrome DevTools. To start debugging:

node --experimental-strip-types --env-file=.env --inspect-brk index.ts

WebSocket Support 🌐

Node.js has added built-in support for WebSockets, allowing you to connect to WebSocket servers directly:

new WebSocket("wss://your-websocket-url");

SQLite Support 🗄️

Node.js now offers built-in support for SQLite databases. Here's how to create an in-memory SQLite database and interact with it:

import { DatabaseSync } from "node:sqlite";

const database = new DatabaseSync(":memory:");
database.exec(`CREATE TABLE data(key INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, value TEXT) STRICT`);

const insert = database.prepare("INSERT INTO data (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)");
insert.run(1, "hello");
insert.run(2, "world!");

const query = database.prepare("SELECT * FROM data ORDER BY key");
console.log(query.all());  // [{ key: 1, value: 'hello' }, { key: 2, value: 'world!' }]

To run the code, use:

node --experimental-strip-types --experimental-sqlite index.ts

Conclusion 🎉

Node.js continues to evolve, incorporating features that enhance the developer experience. From built-in TypeScript support to native testing and database integration, these updates make Node.js a modern, powerful tool for web development. Start using these features today to take your projects to the next level!