Human intelligence is a fascinating and complex subject that has intrigued scientists, psychologists, and educators for centuries. One of the most widely used measures of intelligence is the Intelligence Quotient, or IQ. But what exactly does an IQ score represent, and why is it important? This article delves into the concept of IQ, its implications, and the factors that influence it.

What is IQ?

IQ, or Intelligence Quotient, is a score derived from standardized tests designed to measure human intelligence. The concept of IQ was first introduced by the French psychologist Alfred Binet in the early 20th century as a way to identify children who needed special education. The formula for calculating IQ was originally based on the ratio of a person’s mental age to their chronological age, multiplied by 100.

Modern IQ tests, however, are more sophisticated. They measure a range of cognitive abilities, including problem-solving, reasoning, memory, and verbal skills. The average IQ score is set at 100, with most people scoring between 85 and 115. Scores above or below this range can indicate higher or lower than average intelligence, respectively.