The Grid, with excellent horizontal and vertical layout control, does a great job of making all content abide by its template rules. Use of the repeat, auto-fit, and minmax functions seem to handle all screen sizes if they have the correct values.

What specific instance would require a media query that the Grid couldn't perform?

Update Jan. 2021
Per Joel's reply below (and plenty of lab time), the grid doesn't seem to be able to accomplish mobile screen sizes too well. It gets close but is not a one-stop-shop.

Even when we specify VW and VH units for columns or rows it just doesn't seem to work without media screen queries for specific sizes.

The answer is no, it doesn't replace them, rather the columns and rows need to be tweaked for specific screen sizes.