It's 2021, 10 years after the release of Bootstrap and other CSS Frameworks.

Are CSS Frameworks dead? My opinion is: "no, but they are less important than before". Why? Consider the HTML5 Grid and SCSS; which together, give us complete height, width, column and row control, as well as specificity.

CSS itself is a poor example of a DSL that implements pseudo inheritance using Cascades. It's hard because finding out about browser internals is not something we can read up on. Therefore, CSS is pretty much a "Learn by your failures" thing. Many of us have had those CSS moments where anything we try doesn't work.

The simpler parts of CSS, such as background, color, margin, padding, height and width or font size, font family, font weight, box shadows and borders give us good control over the page. These rules are simple to use.

Pseudo elements such as hover, after, before are also easy to understand.

This means we have all fine adjustment tools we need, and are easy to understand.

The birth of entire industries that made layout easier was a direct result of the hard parts of CSS. Those hard parts are history, when we use SCSS, the HTML Grid, and @media print (for print layout).

JWP2020