Scraping review data on Amazon is a relatively complex task, mainly because Amazon has a strict mechanism to hinder crawlers. Before attempting to scrape data, make sure you understand and comply with Amazon's terms of use and local laws and regulations to avoid any potential legal problems.

Python scrape Amazon reviews example

Here's a simplified example that shows how to use Python and some common libraries like requests and BeautifulSoup to try to get the content of a web page. But please note that in actual use, you may need to deal with more anti-crawler mechanisms, such as JavaScript rendered content, dynamically loaded data, login verification, etc.

Install necessary libraries

First, make sure the requests and bs4 libraries are installed:
pip install requests beautifulsoup4

Sample Code

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

def get_amazon_reviews(url):
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.3'
    }

    response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    if response.status_code == 200:
        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')

        # The selector here needs to be adjusted according to the actual HTML structure
        reviews = soup.find_all('span', {'class': 'a-size-base review-text'})

        for review in reviews:
            print(review.text)
    else:
        print("Failed to retrieve content from the URL")

# Example URL, please replace with the actual Amazon product review page URL
url = 'https://www.amazon.com/product-reviews/YOUR_PRODUCT_ASIN/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_viewopt_rvwer?ie=UTF8&reviewerType=avp_only_reviews&sortBy=recent&pageNumber=1'
get_amazon_reviews(url)

Notes

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• User-Agent‌: Please make sure that the appropriate User-Agent is set, otherwise the request may be rejected.
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• Selector‌: The selectors in the example (such as span tags and classes) may need to be adjusted according to the actual page structure.
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• Crawler Obstacles: Amazon has complex crawling obstruction mechanisms, which may include JavaScript rendering, dynamic loading of data, etc., which may require the use of more advanced crawler technologies such as Selenium.
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• Legal and Ethical Issues‌: Before crawling any website data, please make sure you understand and comply with the website's terms of use and local laws and regulations.

How to use Selenium to deal with Amazon's crawler blocking mechanism?

Using Selenium to deal with Amazon's crawler blocking, you can bypass its detection by simulating human operations. Here are the specific steps:

1‌.Set up the Selenium environment‌:

• Install the Selenium library and the corresponding WebDriver, such as ChromeDriver.

• Initialize WebDriver and open the target web page.

‌2.Simulate user behavior‌:

• Simulate user behaviors such as clicks and inputs through Selenium.

• You can click the Add to Cart button, select the purchase quantity, and other operations to simulate the shopping process of normal users.

‌3.Handle verification code‌:

If you encounter a verification code, you can solve it through image recognition technology or third-party services.
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4.Extract data‌:

In the process of simulating user behavior, you can extract data on the page, such as product information, user reviews, etc.

Using Selenium may be slower and more resource-intensive than traditional crawler frameworks, so try to avoid large-scale use. ‌

How to solve login verification when crawling Amazon reviews with Python‌

Solution to login verification when crawling Amazon reviews with Python:

1. Use proxy: By configuring and using proxy, you can avoid frequent requests to the same IP address, thereby reducing the risk of being detected and banned by Amazon.
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2. Simulate user behavior: Use browser automation tools (such as Selenium) to simulate the operations of real users, automatically complete the identification and input of verification codes, and reduce the possibility of being detected.
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3. Control crawling speed: Reasonably control the access frequency of the crawler to avoid triggering Amazon's verification code mechanism due to excessive crawling speed.
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4. Account verification preparation: For situations where account verification is required, prepare relevant verification materials in advance and ensure that the network environment is stable to increase the verification pass rate.

How to process Amazon review data crawled by Python?

Processing Amazon review data crawled by Python can be divided into the following steps:

1.Data acquisition‌:

• Use requests and BeautifulSoup libraries to obtain web page data.

• Obtain real review data by analyzing XHR requests and use a proxy to ensure stable access.

‌2.Data extraction‌:

Use regular expressions or BeautifulSoup to extract the rating, date, content, and number of likes of reviews.

‌3.Data preservation‌:

Save the extracted data to an Excel file or database for subsequent analysis.

‌4.Data analysis‌:

• Use the nltk library for part-of-speech tagging and count the most frequently occurring words.

• Use seaborn or matplotlib to draw a bar chart to display the results.

Is it illegal to use Python to crawl Amazon review data?

Whether it is illegal to use Python to crawl Amazon review data depends on multiple factors:
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• Data nature‌: Whether the review data is public information and whether it involves personal privacy or trade secrets.
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• Purpose of use‌: The purpose of crawling data must be legal and cannot be used for commercial fraud, malicious competition or other illegal activities.
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• Compliance with regulations‌: Amazon's robots protocol and other relevant regulations must be complied with, and the website's technical protection measures must not be bypassed or destroyed.
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• Laws and regulations‌: It is also necessary to consider the specific provisions of local laws and regulations on crawler behavior to ensure that the behavior is legal and compliant.

Therefore, ‌Unauthorized crawling of Amazon review data may constitute an illegal act‌. It is recommended that before crawling any website data, you must understand the relevant laws and regulations and website regulations to ensure that the behavior is legal and compliant. If necessary, you can consult a professional lawyer or legal institution for more accurate legal advice.

Conclusion

Scraping Amazon reviews is a technical challenge and requires careful handling of legal and ethical issues. If you plan to conduct such activities, it is recommended to first understand Amazon's relevant policies in detail and consider using the official API (if available) to obtain data.