Problem description & analysis:
An Excel table has three columns, where ID is the grouping column, as shown below:

Task: Find the row having the largest DATE value (the latest date) from each group and retrieve its ACTION column value. Below is the expected result:

Solution:
Use SPL XLL to get this done:

=spl("=E(?).groups(ID; maxp(E(DATE)).ACTION:ACTION)",A1:C7)

As shown in the picture below:

Explanation:
E()function parses an Excel data range and Excel date format. groups() function performs grouping and aggregation. maxp() function finds the position of the row having the largest value.