Are you a starting frontend developer's journey? Then this guide is for you. You'll get to know all the essential aspects and steps.🤩

What Is a Front-End Developer?

Generally, a front-end web developer executes web designs through coding languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, which run on the Open Web Platform or act as compilation input for non-web platform environments (i.e., React Native). In a way, a front-end web developer is responsible for implementing visual elements that users see and interact with within a web application.

But that's not the scene anymore. Nowadays front-end developers are not limited to specific. You can see their work everywhere—in the navigation, layouts, and even the way that a site looks different from your phone (thanks to mobile-first or responsive design).

Now, let's head to the roadmap first.

Below is the chart demonstrating the paths that you can take to become a pro frontend developer. This chart is made by Kamran Ahmed. Kamran’s work is excellent so be sure to star the repo and subscribe to his newsletter to support his efforts.

Note: This roadmap will give you an idea about the landscape and guide you if you are confused about where to begin or what to learn next. In the end, it depends on your experience as you will grow some understanding of why one tool is better suited for some cases than the other one. It is not necessary that handy and trendy one is always perfect. So, go through the map and start developing.

Sneat is an impressive Bootstrap Admin that provides you with 7 useful applications that enable you to get started and build your applications faster.

Roadmap to becoming a front end developer:

If you think the roadmap can be improved, please do open a PR with any updates and submit any issues on Kamran's GitHub repo.

Now, here we go in detail.

Internet and how it works?
Basic: HTML, CSS & JS
General Development Skil
Styling: CSS Preprocessor & Architecture
Get familiar with the tools
CSS Frameworks
Front-end Framework
Testing your app
Server-Side Rendering
Static Site Generator
Mobile Application
Desktop Application
Web Assembly
Keep Learning

Resources

1. Internet and how it works?

As we all know, the Internet is ruling the world. So, it is important to know the basics of the internet and how it works as it is the key knowledge that every developer should have.

The Internet is a global network of computers connected to each other which communicates through a standardized set of protocols.

i. HTTP: Standard protocol using which the webpages are transferred over the internet.

You can check some detailed blogs here.

ii. Browsers: A software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web.

Browsers are a very important part of the current era. And why not? It literally brings the whole world to your fingertips. So, it'll be great to know a bit about them as you are using them on a daily basis..!! Right?
Here is an amazingly detailed article How Browsers Work: Behind the scenes of modern web browsers By Tali Garsiel and Paul Irish. You'll surely find this article excellent and helpful.

iii. Domain name

A domain name is an identification string that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control within the Internet. They are used to identify one or more IP addresses
For further details check this article on How to register a domain name for your website.

iv. Web Hosting

Web hosting is a service provided by companies (the web host) that sell or lease space on a server where you store the files that make your website accessible on the internet.
For detailed information on web hosting you can check this article on What is Web Hosting

v. DNS (Domain Name System): One of the fundamental blocks of the internet

Here is a useful guide for DNS: DNS in one picture

Have a look at the Materio Bootstrap 5 HTML Admin Template

This is the best Bootstrap Admin Dashboard for developing responsive web apps.

2. Basics: HTML, CSS & JS

Front-end web developers use three primary coding languages to code the website and web app designs created by web designers:

HTML
CSS
JavaScript

i. HTML: The first pillar & the most important skill for web developers as it provides the structure for a web page.

Learn the basics of HTML
Make a few pages as an exercise

You can check Tutorial For HTML.

ii. CSS: Second pillar of web development and used to style web pages so that they look good.

Learn the basics of CSS Style pages from the previous step
Build a page with a grid and flexbox

You can check Tutorial For CSS.

iii. JS Basics: Third pillar of web development and used to make your web pages interactive.

Get familiar with the syntax Learn basic operations on DOM
Learn mechanisms typical for JS (Hoisting, Event Bubbling, Prototyping)
Make some AJAX (XHR) calls Learn new features (ECMA Script 6+)
Additionally, get familiar with the jQuery library

You can check tutorials for JavaScript

3. General Development Skills

Following are some skills you will require as by learning these skills you'll be able to start your journey as a front-end developer with ease.

Learn GIT, create a few repositories on GitHub, share your code with other people
Know HTTP(S) protocol, and request methods (GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS)
Don't be afraid of using Google, Power Searching with Google
Get familiar with the terminal, and configure your shell (bash, zsh, fish)
Read a few books about algorithms and data structures
Read a few books about design patterns.
Git and Version Control

Git is the tool used to save code and create different versions, allowing you to collaborate with other developers. The top place to store code and collaborate on open-source software is GitHub.

Here is an awesome article for Skiils to become a Front End Developer.

4. Styling: CSS Preprocessor & Architecture

i. CSS Preprocessor

A CSS preprocessor is a program that lets you generate CSS from the preprocessor's own unique syntax. preprocessors can make CSS code more organized.

-Sass/CSS
-PostCSS
-Less
-Stylus

ii. CSS Architecture

-BEM
-CSS Modules
-Atomic
-OOCSS
-SMACSS
-SUITCSS

The following are some good articles on CSS Architecture, that you might find helpful.

-CSS Architecture
-CSS Modular Architecture
-Styling Modern Web Apps

iii. CSS in JS

CSS-in-JS is a collection of ideas to solve complex problems with CSS. It is NOT a particular library, but different libs might solve a different subset of problems and use different approaches, depending on their implementation details.

-Styled Components
-Radium
-Emotion
-JSS
-Aphrodite

You should go through the article What actually is CSS inJS. It'll help you to understand it in a better way.

5. Get familiar with the tools that you will be using.

To become a frontend developer, you should spend some time on learning tools that you will use as a web developer like built tools, unit testing tools, debugging tools, etc.

Well, users are going to interact with your websites through a web browser. The way your site is rendered by these browsers is going to be a big part of whether your work is successful or not. So, it'll be great to know about the tools that can help you to develop a satisfying app/website/product.

All modern web browsers come equipped with developer tools. These tools allow you to test and fine-tune your pages in the browser itself, in ways specific to how the browser is interpreting your code.

Here are some of the useful tools:

i. Package Managers

-npm
-yarn
-pnpm

ii. Task Runners

-npm scripts
-gulp
-Webpack
-Rollup
-Parcel

iii. Modular Builder

-Webpack
-Parcel
-Rollup

v. Linter & Formatter

-Prettier
-JSlint
-ESlint
-JSHint
-JSCS

For more amazing Formatter and Linter check out Best VS Codes Extensions Every Developer Should Use in 2020

6. CSS Frameworks

The CSS framework is a code library that abstracts common web designs and makes the designs easier for a developer to implement in their web apps. In simple terms, a CSS framework is a collection of CSS style sheets that are prepped and ready to use.

-Bootstrap
-Materialize, Material Design Lite
-Bulma
-Semantic UI

For more amazing Frameworks you can check this comprehensive guide on Best CSS Frameworks In 2020 for detailed info.

7. Frameworks

These are packages containing pre-written, standardized code in files and folders. They give you a base to build on while still allowing flexibility with the final design. Typically, front-end frameworks contain the following components:

A grid that makes it simple to organize the design elements of your website
Defined font styles and sizes that vary based on its function (different typography for headings versus paragraphs, etc.)
Pre-built website components like side panels, buttons, and navigation bars

Following are some of the most used front-end frameworks

i. Vue.js:The Progressive JavaScript Framework

Vue.js is an open-source model–view–ViewModel front-end JavaScript framework for building user interfaces and single-page applications.

You can check the guide on the official site of VueJS.

Also, there is a detailed article on Trending VueJS UI Components Library and frameworks that you'll find useful.

Have a look at the Vuexy Vuejs Admin Template which is made using the Vuejs.

Also, check the Materio – Vuetify Vuejs 3 Admin Template

Also, available in Laravel Admin Version:

ii. React: A JavaScript library for building user interfaces.

React is an open-source, front-end, JavaScript library for building user interfaces or UI components. It is maintained by Facebook and a community of individual developers and companies.

You can check the tutorial on the official site of React.js. You can also check ReactJS Roadmap For Developers for a detailed overview of how to start with reactjs. Apart from this, there is an article on the best ReactJS UI Frameworks and component libraries which will be helpful.

Check out the Materio MUI React Next js Admin Template which is made using the React and Next js.

Have a look at the Sneat MUI React NextJS Admin Template as well.

The best React Admin Dashboard based on Next js with TypeScript support.

iii. Angular

Angular is a TypeScript-based open-source web application framework led by the Angular Team at Google and by a community of individuals and corporations.

You can check the tutorial on the official site of Angular

Check out the Modern Admin - Angular 10+ Bootstrap 4 Admin Dashboard Template and Apex Angular Admi Template which are made using Angular.

8. Testing Your App

Front End Testing is a testing technique in which the Graphical User Interface (GUI), functionality, and usability of web applications or software are tested. The goal of front-end testing is testing overall functionalities to ensure the presentation layer of web applications or software is defect-free with successive updates. It is a vital skill for any Developer.

i. Unit Testing

Unit testing generally refers to the process of performing, either manually or in an automated way, a set of tests on a single “unit” of code.

It mainly consists of testing isolated parts of the code, as units. These units usually take the form of methods, properties, UI element actions, etc. It is the fastest and cheapest to apply.

-Jest
-Enzyme
-Sinon
-Mocha
-Chai
-AVA
-Tape

ii. End-to-End Testing

In E2E testing, the developer tests the whole application together and tests it as a user would do.

Basically, here developer tests the application’s workflow from beginning to end. The aim is to replicate real user scenarios so that the system can be validated for integration and data integrity.

The following are some helpful tools:

-Selenium
-Webdriver
-Cypress
-Puppeteer
-Cucumber.js
-Nightwatch.js

You can check this detailed guide on End to End Testing.

iii. Integration Testing

Integration tests make sure that various parts of the app work together. It is one of the crucial and most important tests.

-Karma
-Cypress
-Nightwatch
-WebDriver.io

For detailed info check the article on Frontend Testing.

9. Server-Side Rendering

Server-side rendering (SSR), is the ability of an application to contribute by displaying the web page on the server instead of rendering it in the browser. The server side sends a fully rendered page to the client; the client’s JavaScript bundle takes over and allows the SPA framework to operate.

10. Static Site Generator

A static site generator is a publishing tool, which is essentially a set of tools for building static websites based on a set of input files. They apply data and content to templates and generate a view of a page that can be served to the visitors of a site.

The following are some best static site generators:

Here is a detailed article on What is a static site generator and 3 ways to find the best one.

11. Mobile Application

Front-end development for mobile application

Well, here the front end interacts directly with the user including design elements such as wireframes, mockups, caching, and database synchronization. It gives a smooth user experience across various screen sizes and orientations.

Below are some helpful frameworks for mobile app development.

-Flutter
-React Native
-Nativescript
-Ionic

Technical Aspects of Front-End Development

i. Native App Development
ii. Cross-Platform Mobile Application Development

Both Native and Cross-platform mobile apps come with their own pros and cons. Where native leads in terms of interface, performance, reliability, and speed. Whereas Cross-platform holds an edge in terms of the marketplace, cost, and reusability. However, it's your choice and your business concern to choose the platform.

For more detail check this amazing article on Ultimate guide to mobile app development.

12. Desktop Application

Even though mobile and tablets have the perks of being handy, you simply can't ignore PC and desktop apps because there are still many users who prefer PC as a better option to explore the apps and websites. It's just desktop apps that have their own perks..!! Isn't it..!?
So, the following are the Useful frameworks for desktop app development that you can use.

-Electron
-NW.js
-Proton
-Neutralino.js
-DeskGap

You can check this helpful article on Desktop apps for front-end development.

13. Web Assembly

WebAssembly is an open standard that defines a portable binary-code format for executable programs, and a corresponding textual assembly language, as well as interfaces for facilitating interactions between such programs and their host environment.
It has huge implications for the web platform. It provides a way to run code written in multiple languages on the web at near-native speed, with client apps running on the web that previously couldn’t have done so.
You can visit the following articles for further details.

-Webassembly
-What is webassebly- The next generation web platform

14. Keep Learning

So, after going through this guide, you can kickstart your journey as a front-end web developer for sure. Although, learning is the only key to success. For that, you have to practice and learn consistently.

We have mentioned some relevant articles above which you can refer to for details and some basics. We highly recommend you go through them.

Here is a complete guide that you can go through Front-end Developer Handbook 2019 - Learn the entire JavaScript, CSS, and HTML development practice!

The following are some excellent courses for front-end developers:

Conclusion:

So, that's the guide on How to Become a Pro 😎 Front End Developer💻. It's very detailed for sure, but there is a good chance that many of you may already know most of the stuff. Even if you don't know, no need to be confused or overwhelmed by this roadmap; you can start small and then follow along.

There are many ways to become a Frontend Developer and by the experience, you can achieve excellence. So, begin with this roadmap and see how you become a pro-front-end developer.

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